PointsThis button constructs one point into the drawing area. Using the mode action+selection, depends on where the user take a "click" (one touch at the left mouse button) there is one result. If the "click" is over one object, it will be constructed a point attached to the object (in this case the original point color is green and it can be move "around the object"). If the "click" is over two (or more) objects, it will be constructed an intersection point between 2 of them (that intersection under the mouse position - in this case the original point color is red). If the "click" is over none object, then it will be constructed a free point (in this case the original point color is green), a point that can be freely move around the whole drawing area.
This button constructs the midpoint of two given points. In action+selection mode, the second "click" could create a new point, its behavior is identical to the Point button above.
CircunferencesThis button constructs a circunference defined by two dois points, the first one will be its center and the second will determine its radius.
The order of operands selection (points) here is important.
In action+selection mode: the iGeom indicates, at the messages bar, if the next point to be selected/marked, will define the center or the radius circle; the first and the second "click" could create a new point, at the same way as the Point button above.
This button constructs a circunference defined by a point and a segment. The point will be the center and the segment will define the radius (equals to the segment length).
In the mode selection+action, the user must first select/mark the point. In the mode action+selection, the iGeom accepts both orders.
Lines
This button constructs a straight line passing through two given points (the line is defined by these two points).
In action+selection mode, both "clicks" could create new points, with behavior identical to the Point button above.
This button constructs the ray defined by two given points, the first one will be the ray origin.
In action+selection mode: both "clicks" could create new points, like Point button.
This button constructs a segment defined by two points.
In action+selection mode: both "clicks" could create new points, like Point button.
This button constructs a line that is parallel to a given line (ray or segment) and passing through a given point.
In action+selection mode: both "clicks" could create new points, like Point button.
This button constructs a line, perpendicular to a given line (ray or segment) and passing through a given point.
In action+selection mode: both "clicks" could create new points, like Point button.
This button shows the axis, for a planar coordination system, with a point representing the unit length (at x axis).
This button constructs a line perpendicular to one of the axis, with distance from the origin (the intersection of the axis) equals to the given measure.
IntersectionThis button constructs the intersection point between two objects.
In action+selection mode, there are two possibilities to create the intersection:
- the user move the mouse pointer over the position where the intersection must arise (when the mouse is over the intersection of two objects, they must became marked, changing their color to yellow) and press the left mouse button (in the case of the existence of more than two objects under the mouse pointer, iGeom gets the "first two").
- the user can "click" over one object and then "click" over the next one (in this case, if there are two intersection points, both will be created).
Edition
Hide one or more objects.
In the selection+action mode, the user can select/mark several objects (with the selection button), then "click" on this button to hide all the selected objects.
This button shows all the hidden objects, but all of them return selected (in the yellow color), given the opportunity to the user deselected one or more of them and then "click" the button for hide those remaining selected.
This button activate or deactivate the exibition for the labels of objects. This means that, if the button is activated, each new created point, line kind or circunference, will arise with its associated label.
This button presents a geometric locus is the trace produce by a point (here called target-point) under the movement of another point, that must be a free point over some object (this means that this point is attached to the object or the object is the track for the point).
The object under the free point
In the action+selection mode, the user must first "click" on the target-point (those will be traced) and then must "click" on the free point over a line, ray, segment or circunference. The free point must interfere in the target-poit (if the free point is moved, the targe-point must suffer some change).
In the selection+action mode, the user must first select/mark the free point, then select the target-point.
In order to see an example, please consult the section .
This button draws the path of a target-point, when some free point is moved (similar to the locus above).
It works only in the action+selection mode. With this button activated, first "click" on the target-point (the point that will have its path traced), then "click" on the free point (one those that modify the target-point) and move the mouse along it track object). To finalize the tracking operation, give a second "click" on this button.
This button erase all the traces produced by some tracking point.
This buttun allows the user to insert a text line into the drawing area or to edit texts or some objects properties (including an object label).
- Insert: with this button activated, "click" in the position that the text must arise (do not "click" over an existent object) - action+selection mode;
- Alter: it also allows the user to edit an existent text, object label or some object property
(with the selection or movement button activated, a "double click" on the object has the same effect)
- in the action+selection mode: with this button activated, "click" on a text (it will open a window for text edition, which includes changes in the font style and color);
- in the selection+action mode: select/mark an object (text, point, line, circunference, circle, label or polygon), then "click" the button (the editing window will be opened).
With this button activated, "click" in a position that the image must have as its left superior corner. As a result an window to choose the image will be presented. It has different behavior in both modes:
- applicative: the window can browse the file system, but the user can enter a URL of any GIF image;
- applet: due to security limitations, in applet version, the unique possibility is to enter the URL of a GIF image located at the same directory (folder) where the applet is.
This button erase objects.
When an object is erased, it is also removed all the objects that depend on it.
This button undo the last object removed. If the last remotion was clean the drawing area (resulting in the remotion of all the objects), then all the objects existent before the cleaning action will be restored.
This resource is useful to recover removal mistakes.
Remove all the existents objects into the drawing area.
Selection/mark- Select/mark object: object
Seleciona (ou marca) um object.
A "single click" on the object, result this object became selectec/marked. In this case, its color is also changed to the default yellow color (this color can be changed from yellow to another if the user couldn't clear recognize it - use the "right click" to pick another color).
- Object edition: object
A "double click" on some object, open an editing window to change some properties of the object.
If the object is a text, the can change the text itself or its font style or color. If the object is a geometric one, like a segment, the user can change its color or line thickness.
Move- Move object: point
A "single click" (releasing the mouse button) on the point will pick it up, then the mouse could be moved around the drawing area, resulting in the point movement (all the objects that depend on this point will automatically be adjusted). Those points that could be moved, by default, are created in the green color.
- Drag the whole drawing area: <none>
If the user press the right mouse button on some "green" point, keep it pressed, and move the mouse around, then the whole drawing area will be moved (all the objects is translated).
Option available since the version 3.6.0 of iGeom, from 2006/01/22. - Object edition: object
A "double click" on some object will open the editing window, as explained above in the selection button.
Interactive measuresAll these secondary buttons work only in the selection+action operational mode, except the calculator one.
This button open an window with the interactive calculator, that can work with expressions using interactive measures.
Attention: in order to use some interactive measure, the active button must be the selection, then the user must "click" on some measure (at this moment, its value will arise into the display area of the calculator).
This button produce the distance between two objects.
It is possible to get the distance between: point and point; point and line/ray/segment; point and circunference.
This button can get the interactive measure: for an aproximation of the arc length of two points on the same circunference; or representing the angle formed by 3 points, the second marked point is the central point of the angle.
Arc length: the user must select/mark 2 points over the same circunference, using the "anti-clockwise" order (it is necessary to distinguish the 2 possible arcs).
Angle: the user must select/mark 3 points, then "click" on this button (the second one will be the center of the angle).
This button could create the interior of a polygon or a circunference.
- Polygon:
the user must select/mark a list of points (at least 3), then "click" on this button, it will result
in a representation for the polygon interior. It will be also created an interactive measure associated to it.
The selection order of the points is important, it will define if the resulting polygon is convex or not and the signal of the measure. If the selection order of the points is "clockwise", then the measure will arise as a positive number, otherwise, it will arise as a negative number.
- Circunference: the user must select/mark the circunference, then "click" on this button it will result in a fulfilled region representing the circle (the interior of the circunference). It will be also created an interactive measure with an approximation for the circle area (2 * Π * R2).
Isometrias
This button allows the user to translate a list of geometric objects. It is necessary first to select/mark 2 points (A and B), then the list of objects to be tranlated. The objects will be tranlated (by the vector B-A).
This button allows the user to reflect a list of geometric objects across some mirror. It is necessary first to select/mark one mirror (any line, ray or segment) m, then the list of objects to be reflected. The objects will be reflected across the given mirror.
This button allows the user to rotate a list of geometric objects around some center, by a given angle or arc measure. It is necessary first to select/mark the angle/arc measure, then the point (center) and finally the list of objects to be rotated. The point will be the center of rotation and the list of objects will be rotated the given measure.
Authoring and automatic evaluationIt is worth to note that, after the user (teacher) saves an exercise, when it is opened (loaded) into the iGeom only the evaluation button will became available. This is for "security reason", otherwise the student could get access to the exercise solution.
In order to see some details about how to construct an exercises under iGeom, please, go to the section .
The exercise process is composed by 4 or 5 steps:
- In order to provide some exercise for the students, it is necessary to construct a complete solution for exercise (template answer). Then the user/teacher must "click" on this button to get the exercise authoring window.
- Now the user must mark the initial objects (those that will compound the exercise statement) and "click" into the superior button labeled by Insert. A textual description must appears into the area bellow the "clicked" button.
- Now the user must mark the answer objects (those that will be used into the evaluation of the exercise) and "click" into the inferior button labeled by Insert. A textual description must appears into the area bellow the "clicked" button.
- Optionally, the user can disable those buttons that the student mustn't see and "click" the OK button. For example: in an exercise targeting to construct the midpoint, the midpoint button mustn't be available.
- Finally, the user must save using one of the available options.
After the student solves the exercise under iGeom, he must mark his answer objects (compatible with the objects into the template answer) and "click" on this button. The iGeom will use an heuristic to compare the objects obtained by the student with those into the teacher's template answer (the selected order of the objects isn't important, since the iGeom will search for the best match result). When the iGeom finalize the verification, it will present a message to the student informing the result: the exercise was considered correct or not.
This button isn't available under the applet version, so if an exercise must be changed, the user must use the applicative version. However, if the exercise was obtained with option Export exercise to Web courses..., by security reasons, it won't be possible even in the applicative version. Therefore, it is recommended that the teachers always keep a version of their execise in an "inversible" form, i.e., keep a copy of any exercise saved with an option different that Export exercise to Web courses....
Script (or geometric algorithm)The first 3 of these secondary buttons work only in the selection+action operational mode.
This button arises the secondary list related to script, that is how to group an set of steps that produce some objects. It is alike a mathematical function or an algorithm.
An script is useful to encapsulate steps of some construction that could be used later, to reproduce automatically all those steps. So, any construction that is used frequently, deserves to be encapsulated in an script for future uses.
Examples of constructions that could be encapsulated in scripts are those to construct perpendicular bisector angle bissector midpoint (the iGeom already have an avaliable button to last one).
In order to see some details about how to construct an script under iGeom, please, go to the section .
This option calls an script from the system file, so can only be used under applicative version of iGeom (because of the security restrictions).
It opens a dialog window, from which the user must choose any script previously saved into the computer system file. Usually, an iGeom script has the extension scr in its file name.
Before to use an script, it is necessary to select its corresponding list of objects (operands) - it could be an empty empty. For example, to use an script to produce the perpendicular bisector of two points, it is necessary to select two points (operands) then call the script. In this example the selction order of the operands is irrelevant e, which is not the case.
This button has two uses: it can start the annotation of an script (the process that record the constructions steps) and it can finalize the process, saving the script (in the applicative version) or associating it to one of the script button (in the applet version).
When the user "click" for the first time on this button (the script start), it will be opened the script annotation window, with 3 different areas: parameters list (on top); construction steps (in the middle); and breakpoints for messages (in the inferior portion).
The second "click" has different actions depending the version, if it is the applicative or the applet version of iGeom.
Applicative: the second "click" will open a dialog window for the user to choose where the script will be saved (usually under a file name with scr as its extension).
Applet: the second "click" will automatically associate this script to one of the scripts button. The button to receive the script will be that with smaller index that is empty, if there is one. Otherwise, the last script button will receive the script, overwriting the old script on that button.
In order to construct a recursive script, it is necessary, while the annotation window is open, to select a list of objects compatible with those indicated into the parameters area (considering the object type), then "click" this button.
If the parameter list is compatible, then will appear, into the construction steps area, a text starting with the word Recurrence. Otherwise, the error will be indicated into the iGeom messages bar.
This is an advanced tool that can be used to produce geometric fractals. To see some examples of fractals, "click" here.
During the script generation, it can be used to take note of breakpoints into the script, when a message is presented to the user.
How to use: types a message into the breakpoint area; "click" on this button (the message must appear into the construction steps avea).
During the use of the generated script, if the user choose to see the breakpoint messages, when the construction reaches a breakpoint, the message is presented to the user and the script is interrupted. It continues when the user "click" on the OK button.
This button cancel the genaration of the script, closing the corresponding window.
script buttonIt is possible to associate one script to each of these buttons. The association process is different in the versions applicative and applet. In the applicative version, it is done from the script button menu, while in the applet version it is done in an automatic way, when the user "click" by the second time on the script button (the script is associated to the first empty button or to the last one, if none of them is empty).
There is another association process under the applet version. It is done using HTML parameters (BOTAOSCR1 to BOTAOSCR4), as explained into the section .
In both iGeom versions, if an script button isn't empty, when the user pass the "mouse" pointer over the button, it will appear into the messages bar the list of the required objects, necessary to this script use (the parameter list). If the button has none script, then it will appear the message Script N: empty, where N is the button index.
Call the script associated to the button (before to "click" on this button, it is necessary to select the required objects - parameter list).
Call the script associated to the button (before to "click" on this button, it is necessary to select the required objects - parameter list).
Call the script associated to the button (before to "click" on this button, it is necessary to select the required objects - parameter list).
Call the script associated to the button (before to "click" on this button, it is necessary to select the required objects - parameter list).
CommunicationThey are useful when iGeom is integrated to some Learning/Content Management System (LMS/CMS/LCMS), like SAW - Web Learning System or Moodle. The SAW already has a feature to easily integrate applets similar to the iGeom.
Open a window with the iGeom code for the construction into the drawing area (even under Web, if this code were saved into a file, the user will be able to open it with iGeom). If the construction is an exercise, then some of its objects will not appear.
Open a window with the iGeom code prepared to be used under Web browsers (a Web page). In order to open the produced Web page (HTML code), it is necessary keep a copy of the iGeom archive (iGeom.jar) into the same directory where the Web page is.
Open a window from where the user could select one the script button. When the user "click" on the OK button, a second window is opened, with the script code associated with that button.
If the iGeom is integrated with a LCMS, like SAW, then the selected script will be send to Web server.